Fire protection systems are the sine qua non of all kinds of structures today. Its importance has become much more apparent especially with vertical construction. Fire protection systems are designed as dry and wet. Different kinds of fluids are used to fight with the fire applications where water cannot be interfered.
A fire is an uncontrolled burning of flammable solid, liquid and gaseous substances. The most important way to prevent or reduce the damage as well as the loss of life is to eliminate the factors that will cause the fire and to take precautions that can immediately intervene in the fire. The investigations show that the number of fires and the damage caused by the fire is greater if fire safety precautions are insufficient and if the control mechanism is slow. Again according to the investigations, taking fire safety precautions is more economical than extinguishing the fire and the damages caused by the fire. It is not possible to build a building fireproof, the smartest thing to do is to make it safe. A number of precautions should be considered during the design period of buildings to minimize the risk of fire and to respond to the fire quickly. These precautions should be applied during the construction period and their operability should be ensured during the operation period.
Generally fire protection system is divided into two groups: dry and wet. There are several sub-sytems such as pre-action fire sprinkler system, in-rack sprinkler system and deluge fire sprinkler system etc.
Dry Pipe Fire Sprinkler System
A dry pipe system is one in which pipes are filled with pressurized air or nitrogen, rather than water. The dry-pipe valve prevents water from entering the pipe until a fire causes. Once this happens, the air escapes and the dry pipe valve releases. Water then enters the pipe. Dry pipe systems provide automatic protection in spaces where freezing is possible. Typical dry pipe installations include unheated warehouses and attics, outside exposed loading docks and within commercial freezers.
Fire sprinklers work because high heat triggers the sprinkler system. When a blaze ignites, the air directly above it heats rapidly. This hot air rises and spreads along the ceiling. When the mercury expands, it shatters its glass confines and thus releases the pressurized gas. When the pressure drops to a certain value, the dry sprinkler valve opens automatically and the pipes begin to fill with water. Meanwhile, the water alarm or the electric pressure switch activates the electric alarm. As long as the water flows, the alarm goes off. When the installation is filled with water, water is automatically sprayed from the sprinklers to the fire place.
Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler System
Wet pipe systems are the most common fire sprinkler system. A wet pipe system is one in which water is constantly maintained within the sprinkler piping. When a sprinkler activates this water is immediately discharged onto the fire. Wet pipe systems are not suited for sub-freezing environments
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